This involves the extraction of coal, minerals and other geological materials found in the sedimentary rocks. There are excavated in different underground mining parts with different places holding different types of minerals. They contain copper, nickel, silver, gold, tin, lead and iron. Shafts are used excavating the various ores using various methods.
Excavating ores require shafts which are used for the mining activities. The method used in mining depends on type, size, shape and orientation. The most appropriate method used in mining steep dip ore is the cut and fill. Cut and fill is one of the best method limited in narrow zones so as long holes are dug to reach the ore. Wider zones are limited to full excavation that is done intensively.
There are either shallow mines or deeper mines. Gold mines are done in deeper depths that exceed 3900 meters. Also uranium and other hard rock mines require deep mining methods. There are areas with caved with their walls filled with minerals. Those ores that are mined in great depth contain open stopes that hold bulk ores that are of large amounts.
Coal mining is one of the underground mineral that is dug deep and only allows the minerals to be recovered using boreholes that are dug in the ground surface. Soil layers are arranged in a way that you are forced to dig deep. Shafts are used to dig open pits although the method is expensive and this is important since you get orebody in the extraction cycle.
Raising the minerals upwards is done using drifts and some upward passages. To get to the lowest levels of mines you need the shafts to be dug downwards. Pumping, ventilation and haulage are ways of getting pillars of ores that are lying between the stopes. Unmined minerals are left in the stopes and allow excavation once extracting starts. Large scale extraction breaks the ores into small blocks, panels or slices.
Exploration of bulk deposits help in sampling rock testing and drilling. Blind tunnel cuts across the deposit at the desirable depths . A large mine has inclined or declined portal that allow multipurpose entry of shafts. Strong ores allow use of relatively low cost methods while weak ores are costly since they require equipment such as rock bolting.
There are various phases used in underground extraction. There is exploration and feasibility phase, mine operations phase, construction and planning phase together with the closure phase. The activities involved include drilling, crushing, grinding, ore separation and concentrate dewatering. Rock piles are separated in stages while water is separated in stages to. The operation also include extraction and processing of the ore.
At the head is the shaft which acts as the elevator. There is the sump sits which have several channels that run horizontal so as to reach at the ore-body. The mineral containing materials are in different levels . Here we get ramps are used to access these minerals.This parts are inclusive of crusher and drifter that help in digging the rocks located in deep areas.
Excavating ores require shafts which are used for the mining activities. The method used in mining depends on type, size, shape and orientation. The most appropriate method used in mining steep dip ore is the cut and fill. Cut and fill is one of the best method limited in narrow zones so as long holes are dug to reach the ore. Wider zones are limited to full excavation that is done intensively.
There are either shallow mines or deeper mines. Gold mines are done in deeper depths that exceed 3900 meters. Also uranium and other hard rock mines require deep mining methods. There are areas with caved with their walls filled with minerals. Those ores that are mined in great depth contain open stopes that hold bulk ores that are of large amounts.
Coal mining is one of the underground mineral that is dug deep and only allows the minerals to be recovered using boreholes that are dug in the ground surface. Soil layers are arranged in a way that you are forced to dig deep. Shafts are used to dig open pits although the method is expensive and this is important since you get orebody in the extraction cycle.
Raising the minerals upwards is done using drifts and some upward passages. To get to the lowest levels of mines you need the shafts to be dug downwards. Pumping, ventilation and haulage are ways of getting pillars of ores that are lying between the stopes. Unmined minerals are left in the stopes and allow excavation once extracting starts. Large scale extraction breaks the ores into small blocks, panels or slices.
Exploration of bulk deposits help in sampling rock testing and drilling. Blind tunnel cuts across the deposit at the desirable depths . A large mine has inclined or declined portal that allow multipurpose entry of shafts. Strong ores allow use of relatively low cost methods while weak ores are costly since they require equipment such as rock bolting.
There are various phases used in underground extraction. There is exploration and feasibility phase, mine operations phase, construction and planning phase together with the closure phase. The activities involved include drilling, crushing, grinding, ore separation and concentrate dewatering. Rock piles are separated in stages while water is separated in stages to. The operation also include extraction and processing of the ore.
At the head is the shaft which acts as the elevator. There is the sump sits which have several channels that run horizontal so as to reach at the ore-body. The mineral containing materials are in different levels . Here we get ramps are used to access these minerals.This parts are inclusive of crusher and drifter that help in digging the rocks located in deep areas.
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